ABSTRACT
The region of Volta Grande do Xingu River, in the state of Pará, presents several kinds of land use ranging from extensive cattle farming to agroforestry, and deforestation. Currently, the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant affects the region. We present a checklist of amphibians and reptiles of the region and discuss information regarding the spatial distribution of the assemblies based on results of Environmental Programmes conducted in the area. We listed 109 amphibian (Anura, Caudata, and Gymnophiona) and 150 reptile (Squamata, Testudines, and Crocodylia) species. The regional species richness is still considered underestimated, considering the taxonomic uncertainty, complexity and cryptic diversity of various species, as observed in other regions of the Amazon biome. Efforts for scientific collection and studies related to integrative taxonomy are needed to elucidate uncertainties and increase levels of knowledge of the local diversity.
A região da Volta Grande no Rio Xingu, localizada no estado do Pará, apresenta várias frentes de exploração que vão desde a criação animal até área de cultivo, resultando no desmatamento de fragmentos florestais. Atualmente a região está sendo impactada pela implantação da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte. A partir de dados obtidos através dos Programas de Monitoramento Ambiental realizados na área de influência da UHE Belo Monte, apresentamos uma listagem das espécies de anfíbios e répteis, com comentários sobre a distribuição espacial das assembleias. Foram catalogados 109 espécies de anfíbios (Anura, Caudata e Gymnophiona) e 150 de répteis (Squamata, Testudines e Crocodylia). Considerando as incertezas taxonômicas, a complexidade e a diversidade críptica de várias espécies, a riqueza regional ainda continua subestimada, assim como observado em outras regiões da Amazônia. Esforços direcionados ao aproveitamento científico e estudos que contemplem a taxonomia integrativa são necessários para elucidar as incertezas e aumentar o nível de conhecimento sobre a diversidade da região.
Subject(s)
Animals , Amphibians/classification , Biodiversity , Animal Distribution , Reptiles/classification , Brazil , RiversABSTRACT
The results obtained in evaluating the efficiency of a Neuro-Fuzzy System NEFCLASS (Neuro-Fuzzy Classification) in image classification of cattle tuberculosis, based on its texture features extracted using the wavelet transform are presented. For testing, images of animal tissues diagnosed with tuberculosis were used, as provided by the Tuberculosis Laboratory at the Instituto Biológico de São Paulo. The results of this study can serve as a basis for developing systems for diagnosis aimed at reducing human effort, by automating all or parts of the classification of images, helping lab technicians to sort amongst different pathologies.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Computer Systems , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures/veterinary , Tuberculosis/pathology , Cattle/classification , Livestock Industry/methodsABSTRACT
The aim of this work is to analize the evolution of osteotomies in goat's tibia by image processing...
Subject(s)
Bone Regeneration , Bony Callus , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Sheep , Tibia , Tibial FracturesABSTRACT
In the study 74% of urine specimens with pyuria grew signfificant colony counts. In specimens with "normal" numbers of white blood cells in the positive urine cultures were obtained in 20%. The latter observation has been occasionally reported in the medical literature as instances of bacteriuria without pyuria. Further analysis of cases with "normal" leucocyturia with the use of the Sternheimer-Malbin stain revealed that positive urine cultures were obtained in those with pale blue type of white blood cells. The importance of this observation in the diagnosis of asymptomatic urinary tract infection was stressedTwo important parameters of renal function in correlation with pyuria were also assessed in this study: glomerular filtration rate by B.U.N., serum creatinine and endogenous creatinine clearance and concentrating ability by Fishberg concentration test. The limitation of B.U.N. and serum creatinine in estimating G.F.R. was pointed out since the values of these end products of protein metabolism do not go up unless G.F.R. is reduced by over 50%. The presence of normal creatinine clearance and Fishberg concentration test in patients with pyuria and bacteriuria are strong evidences favoring the confinement of the urinary infection to the lower tract. Impaired creatinine clearance and concentration tests are observed in patients with pyelonepthritis and other underlying renal diseases with or without superimposed infection.(Summary and Conclusions)
ABSTRACT
Funcao hepatica em hemofilicos. Estudamos 35 hemofilicos graves, clinica e laboratorialmente, quanto a funcao hepatica.Os hemofilicos foram classificados em grupos de acordo com o tipo de hemofilia, idade, periodicidade de tratamento, historia previa de hepatite, esplenomegalia, hepatoesplenomegalia e presenca ou ausencia de anticorpo Australia. Pelo menos 60% dos hemofilicos mostraram alguma alteracao nos parametros laboratoriais estudados (enzimas: alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, fosfatase alcalina, gama-glutamiltransferase, desidrogenase latica e desidrogenase isocitrica, bilirrubina proteinas totais e fracoes e imunoglobulinas e quase 90% eram portadores do anticorpo Australia. A tentativa e grau de lesao hepatica com algum grupo em especial mostrou que somente o grupo com historia previa de hepatite clinica apresentava maior frequencia de alteracoes que a encontrada globalmente nos 35 hemofilicos estudados
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Hemophilia A , Liver Function TestsABSTRACT
Foram estudados 16 hemofilicos graves (12 do tipo A, 4 do tipo B) clinica e laboratorialmente. A funcao imunologica humoral foi avaliada pelos seguintes exames: proteinas, imunoglobulinas, C3, C4, ativador de C3, iso-hemaglutininas, hetero-hemaglutininas, PCR, antiestreptolisina O, latex fator reumatoide, reacao de Waaler-Rose, aglutininas para Salmonella thyphi, anticorpos para Toxoplasma gondii e Trypanosoma cruzi e anticorpo Australia (HBs Ac).A funcao celular foi avaliada pelos seguintes exames: hemograma, contagem de linfocitos, de linfocitos T circulantes (rosetas precoces e tardias) e intradermorreacoes a antigenos de memoria. As alteracoes encontradas (aumento da fracao gama e elevacao das imunoglobulinas) podem ser relacionadas com o disturbio hepatico cronico que alguns dos hemofilicos apresentam